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Code of Ethics Case Studies:
Duties to Clients and Customers - (Articles 1 to 9)

ARTICLE 1
Protect and Promote Your Client's Interests, But be Honest with All Parties
Case #1-1:
Fidelity to Client
Case #1-2:
Honest Treatment of All Parties
Case #1-3:
Net Listing
Case #1-6:
Fidelity to Client's Interest
Case #1-7:
Obligation to Protect Client's Interests
Case #1-8:
Knowledge of Essential Facts
Case #1-10:
Obligations Under Exclusive Listing
Case #1-13:
Obligation to Present Subsequent Offers After an Offer to Purchase Has Been Accepted by the Seller
Case #1-14:
Conditioning Submission of Purchase Offer on Execution of a Prelisting Agreement
Case #1-15:
Obligation to Advise Client on Market Value
Case #1-16:
Obligation to Advise Client of Market Value
Case #1-18:
REALTOR® Not Responsible for Legal Advice
Case #1-20:
REALTORS® Buying and Selling to One Another Are Still Considered REALTORS®
Case #1-23:
Claims of Guaranteed Savings
Case #1-26:
Subordination of Client's Interests to REALTORS®'s Personal Gain
Case #1-28:
Disclosure of Existence of Offers to Prospective Purchasers
Case #1-29:
Multiple Offers to be Presented Objectively
Case #1-30:
Multiple Offers Where Listing Broker Agrees to Reduce Listing Broker's Commission
Case #1-31:
Protecting Client's Interest in Auction Advertised as "Absolute"
 
ARTICLE 2
Avoid Exaggeration, Misrepresentation, and Concealment of Pertinent Facts.
Do Not Reveal Facts that are Confidential Under the Scope of Your Agency Relationship
Case #2-1:
Disclosure of Pertinent Facts
Case #2-2:
Responsibility for Sales Associate's Error
Case #2-3:
Obligation to Disclose Defects
Case #2-4:
Obligation to Ascertain Pertinent Facts
Case #2-6:
Misrepresentation
Case #2-8:
Misrepresentation
Case #2-9:
REALTOR®'s Responsibility for REALTOR-Associate®'s Statement
Case #2-10:
Use of State Revenue Stamps to Mislead
Case #2-14:
Time at Which Modification to Offer of Subagency is Communicated is a Determining Factor
Case #2-15:
Refusal to Divulge Source of Fraudulent Information
Case #2-16:
Falsification of Credit Information
Case #2-18:
Honest Treatment of All Parties
Case #2-19:
Deceptive Information in MLS Compilations
 
ARTICLE 3
Cooperate with Other Real Estate Professionals to Advance Client's Best Interests
Case #3-1:
Rules of MLS May Not Circumvent
Case #3-4:
Cooperation Not Mandatory
Case #3-5:
Refusal to Extend Cooperation In Sale of New Homes
Case #3-7:
Time at Which Modification to Offer of Compensation is Communicated is a Determining Factor
Case #3-8:
REALTOR®'s Obligation to Disclose Dual Commission Arrangements
Case #3-9:
REALTOR®'s Obligation to Disclose True Nature of Listing Agreement
Case #3-10:
Disclose Accepted Offers with Unresolved Contingencies
 
ARTICLE 4
When Buying or Selling, Make Your Position in the Transaction or Interest Known
Case #4-1:
Disclosure when Buying on Own Account
Case #4-2:
Indirect Interest in Buyer
Case #4-3:
Disclosure of Family Interest
Case #4-4:
Responsibility for Subordinates
Case #4-6:
Disclosure of Secured Interest in Listed Property
 
ARTICLE 5
Disclose Present or Contemplated Interest in Any Property to All Parties
Case #5-1:
Contemplated Interest in Property Appraised
 
ARTICLE 6
Avoid Side Deals without Client's Informed Consent
Case #6-1:
Profit on Supplies Used in Property Management
Case #6-2:
Manager's Use of Client's Property for Vending Machines
Case #6-3:
Management Responsibility in Relation to Manager's Enterprises
Case #6-4:
Acceptance of Rebates From Contractors
Case #6-5:
Advertising Real Estate-Related Products and Services
Case #6-6:
Disclose Affiliated Business Relationships Prior to Recommending Real Estate-Related Products or Services
 
ARTICLE 7
Accept Compensation from Only One Party, Except with Full Disclosure and Informed Consent
Case #7-1:
Acceptance of Compensation from Buyer and Seller
 
ARTICLE 8
Keep the Funds of Clients and Customers in Escrow
Case #8-1:
Failure to Put Deposit in Separate Account
Case #8-2:
Request for Investigation Filed by Board with the State Real Estate Commission
 
ARTICLE 9
Assure, Whenever Possible, that Transactional Details are in Writing
 
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Code of Ethics Case Studies

Articles 1 - 9: Duties to Clients and Customers  |  Articles 10 - 14: Duties to the Public  |  Articles 15 - 17: Duties to REALTORS®